| 陈冠源,陈涛,高赐威,向琛,方超,王忠维.基于真实运营数据与动态盲盒激励的换电站优化调度策略[J].电力需求侧管理,2026,28(4):87-93 |
| 基于真实运营数据与动态盲盒激励的换电站优化调度策略 |
| Optimal scheduling strategy for battery swapping stations based on real operational data and dynamic blind-box incentives |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-21 修订日期：2026-04-27 |
| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1831.2026.04.013 |
| 中文关键词: 电动汽车 换电站 换电权益 优化调控策略 |
| 英文关键词: electric vehicle battery swapping station battery swapping entitlement optimal control strategy |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFE0108500) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对私家电动汽车补能行为异质性导致的配电网负荷叠加问题，提出一种基于换电权益画像分层与动态激励盲盒的双层优化调度方法。首先，构建“权益类型—补能标签”二维画像体系，将用户划分为3类核心群体，并提出充电惯性理论以量化不同权益群体在补能路径偏移中的电量杠杆效应。其次，设计双向动态激励盲盒机制，通过非线性心理预期激励引导权益用户由免费换电向职住地充电偏移，同时吸引付费用户在低谷期补能。在此基础上，建立以运营商收益最大化为上层目标、配电网潮流网损及电压偏差最小化为下层目标的双层优化调度模型。基于上海电网真实充换电运行数据的仿真结果表明，该机制能精准识别用户补能响应临界点，在不减损用户体验的前提下，大幅提升了运营商综合利润，同时使关键节点峰谷差降低，显著平抑了节点电压波动。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To mitigate power distribution network load superposition caused by heterogeneous private electric vehicle (EV) behaviors, a bi-layer optimal scheduling method integrating battery swapping entitlement profiling with a dynamic incentive “blind boxes” is proposed. Through a two-dimensional profiling system, users are categorized into three groups, and a “charging inertia” theory is employed to quantify the energy leverage effect during replenishment path shifts. A bidirectional dynamic incentive mechanism is designed to guide entitled users toward residential charging via non-linear psychological incentives while attracting paying users during off-peak hours. Based on this, a bi-layer model is established to maximize operator profits and minimize network power loss and voltage deviations. It is demonstrated through simulation using real-world data from Shanghai that user response thresholds are accurately identified by the strategy. Operator profits are increased, peak-to-valley differences are reduced, and nodal voltage fluctuations are significantly stabilized without compromising user experience. |
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