| To quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive potential of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) in grid interaction, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional statistical indicator–based as-sessment method for VPPs under an electricity mar-ket-oriented environment. First, a hierarchical VPP control architecture consisting of the resource layer, user layer, and operation layer is established, within which key compo-nents—such as renewable energy generation, thermostatically controlled loads, distributed energy storage systems, and peer-to-peer (P2P) power sharing—are modeled in a detailed manner. On this basis, a VPP optimal scheduling model is formulated with the objective of minimizing total operating cost, and a distributed solution framework based on the Al-ternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is adopted to solve the problem. Furthermore, a mul-ti-dimensional statistical evaluation framework for VPP is established from six dimensions, namely regulation capacity, ramp rate, response time, duration, operating cost, and re-sponse reliability. Simulation case studies demonstrate that the proposed evaluation system can effectively quantify the regulation capability, response performance, and operational economics of VPP under different dispatching requirements, thereby providing theoretical support and methodological guidance for the precise participation of VPP in grid interac-tion and the assessment of its aggregated value. |