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| 考虑参与现货-调频辅助服务耦合市场的充电运营商优化调度策略 |
| Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Charging Point Operators in the Coupled Day-Ahead Energy and Frequency Regulation Markets |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-14 修订日期：2025-11-16 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 充电运营商 电动汽车 现货市场 调频辅助服务 |
| 英文关键词: Charging Point Operator Electric Vehicles Spot Market Frequency Regulation Ancillary Services |
| 基金项目:国家电网有限公司科技项目(5400-202317579A-3-2-ZN)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在“双碳”战略与新型电力系统建设背景下，电动汽车（Electric Vehicles, EVs）大规模接入使电网运行面临新的灵活性挑战，其可调节潜力亟待充分挖掘。充电运营商（Charging Point Operator, CPO）作为EVs聚合主体，可跨市场参与现货与调频辅助服务，为系统调控与收益提升提供新的路径。文章提出一种面向现货-调频耦合市场的双层优化调度策略，以实现CPO收益与系统灵活性的协同提升。上层以CPO收益最大化为目标，统筹考虑购售电收入、调频容量与里程补偿以及运营成本；下层以系统运行成本最小化为目标，联合出清现货与调频市场。通过引入KKT条件与线性化方法，将双层规划转化为混合整数线性规划，并基于IEEE-30节点系统开展算例分析。仿真结果表明，CPO在现货市场中中标比例有限，但在调频市场中承担超过70%的调节任务在覆盖运营成本的同时实现了净增益。所提策略能够有效协调现货与调频市场的资源配置与价格机制，在提升CPO经济效益的同时强化系统灵活性供给，为EVs聚合体跨市场优化运行提供可行的理论与方法支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Under the dual-carbon strategy and the ongoing construction of a new-type power system, the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) poses unprecedented flexibility challenges to power system operations, highlighting the urgent need to fully exploit their adjustable potential. As aggregators of EV resources, charging point operators (CPO) are capable of participating across both day-ahead energy and frequency regulation markets, thereby providing new pathways for system regulation and revenue enhancement. This paper proposes a bilevel optimization-based scheduling strategy for CPO in coupled energy–frequency regulation markets, aiming to achieve the coordinated improvement of economic returns and system flexibility. In the upper-level model, the objective is to maximize CPO profits by jointly considering electricity trading revenues, frequency regulation capacity and mileage compensation, as well as operation costs. The lower-level model minimizes total system operating costs through the joint clearing of energy and ancillary service markets. By incorporating KKT conditions and linearization techniques, the bilevel formulation is reformulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, and validated on the IEEE 30-bus system. Simulation results demonstrate that while CPO secure a relatively small share in the energy market, they account for more than 70% of the regulation tasks, thereby achieving net gains after covering operation costs. The proposed strategy effectively coordinates resource allocation and price mechanisms across coupled markets, simultaneously enhancing CPO profitability and reinforcing system flexibility provision, thus offering a feasible theoretical and methodological reference for cross-market optimization of aggregated EV resources. |
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