Abstract:Power demand response can fully mobilize demand side flexibility, effectively promote interaction between source and load, and will play an important role in the construction of new power system. Firstly, the policy and practice of demand response in recent years are combed, and its progress and effectiveness in ensuring security and promoting consumption are analyzed；Then, combined with the period of power system transformation and transformation, the new situation and requirements of power demand response development are analyzed. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward to innovate and optimize the power demand response.

Abstract:Non-intrusive residential load disaggregation is of great significance for mining the energy demand on the user side. However, the current power decomposition model does not converge well and the inference cycle is computationally intensive. A non-intrusive load decomposition model based on sequence-to-subsequence and subtask gated networks(SGN )is investigated in the paper. Firstly, a sequence-to-subsequence approach is used to construct a sub-task gating network, combining a power decomposition regressiontaskwithanappliancestateclassificationtaskto achieve a mapping from the main power sequence to the target appliance sub- series. Then a channel attention module and a spatial attention module are added to improve the feature extraction capability of the model. Experimental results based on the UK-dale da taset show that the method not only reduces the difficulty of convergence of the model and the computational effort of the inference cycle, but also significantly improves the accuracy of the decomposition.

Abstract:With the acceleration of China’spower market construction process, more and more new energy and customer-side resources will become main participants of market transactions. Unlike traditional thermal power generators, these renewable energy generators have more flexible bidding strategies and more complex and variable bidding behaviors, which also bring more risks to the power market, and there is an urgent need for a spot market trading mechanism applicable to the participation of renewable energy generators.Thus,aspotmarketbilateraltradingmechanismisdesigned, an offer model for renewable energy generators and the cus tomer side are analysed and established. Then, aCoVaR - based systematic risk index for market participants is constructed, a systematic risk assessment method for different market players is given, and a risk- averse clearing model for bilateral trading in the spot market is proposed. Finally, the systemic risk of different subjects is calculated through simulation of arithmetic cases, and the results of market transactions without and with the systemic risk clearing model are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the model.

Abstract:The“14th Five-Year Plan”puts forward the development of strategic new industries, accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system of national major strategic deployment.Therefore, power grid enterprises need to expand their emerging business to enhance their own benefits. Firstly, a social network based on investment value evaluation system for emerging businesses in power grids is constructed from social, policy, economic,technological and environmental dimensions, and the CRITIC-sequential relationship analysis integrated weighting method is adopted to combine the advantages of subjective and objective weighting method to set the weights of indicators. Then, an investment decision optimisation model for emerging business portfolios in power grids is constructed with the business portfolio contribution degree as the objective function, and the investment decision optimisation model is based on a two-stage variation. The investment decision optimization model is solved based on a two-stage variational evolutionary algorithm. The applicability of the proposed business portfolio investment decision optimization model and the superiority of the two-stage variational differential evolutionary algorithm are verified through case studies.

Abstract:Under the circumstance of goal of“carbon neutralization and carbon peak”and the reform of power system, promoting the market- oriented consumption of renewable energy has become a key task in the construction of China’s power market. Considering the operation characteristics of cascade hydropower, the constraintssuchashydrauliccoupling,powergenerationoutput characteristics, water level control and hydropower vibration zone are introduced into the conventional clearing model. It is designed that a day ahead market example including six power generation entities to analyze the market transaction results under different operation scenarios, the rationality and practicability of the clearing model are preliminarily verified.

Abstract:Power supply reliability is an important indicator of power supply service level. A power supply reliability model based on correlation analysis and deep belief network is proposed.Firstly, Pearson coefficient is used to select the outage times, maximum load and average price coefficient of consumer electricity as the input feature set. Then the feature set is put into the established deep belief network, the parameters of the model are optimized by layer- by-layer unsupervised training method and back propagation training method. The model is used to predict the power supply reliability. Finally, the proposed framework is compared with artificial neural network, support vector regression and autoregressive integrated moving average. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed power supply reliability forecasting model.

Abstract:The difficulty of hybrid refrigeration and heating system is how to switch the cold and heat source reasonably. An improved DBN network is used to predict short-term, medium-term and long-term cooling and heating loads, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experimental data. On the basis of load prediction, health assessment technology is used to evaluate the short-term, medium-term and long-term health status of ground sourceheat pump, and corresponding control is carried out according to the assessment results, so as to achieve long-term stable and efficient operation. Finally, the performance of the two different control methods is compared, and the coefficient of performance of the host is improved by 8.5% after adopting the new control method. In conclusion, the control method based on health assessment technology is beneficial to the efficient operation of hybrid system.

Abstract:Accurate load forecasting is the key to ensure the orderly operation of the power market. In view of the limited environment of single factor forecasting and the ill- considered problems of the split and interaction of variables in the comprehensive model, a generalized additive short- term load forecasting model considering subdivided characteristic variables such as temperature, holidays and load is proposed. Firstly, the correlation coefficients of different factors and loads are subdivided and calculated,and the eigenvalues are selected according to the correlation degree. Secondly, the load fluctuation basis function is determined,and the whole forecasting model is formed according to the subdivided characteristic variables. Finally, the actual operation data of Guangzhou is used to calculate and analyze. The example shows that the generalized additive model based on eigenvalue subdivision is an effective method for short-term load forecasting.

Abstract:The application of building adjustable load has the problems of lack of census means, low practicality of load model and non-standard communication interface, which restricts its development. For this reason, a tree census system is proposed as the logical framework of the census program. Then the load regulation model at the system operation level is built under the general constraints. Finally, the information exchange specification of building adjustable load participation in power demand response under the physical architecture of the cloud-tube-edge-terminal is designed. The key technical routes and solutions for the application of building adjustable load are given. The experimental results verify the feasibility of building adjustable load to participate in demand response peak-shaving and valley- filling scenarios. In the next stage, through the implementation of the actual adjustable load survey and the construction of software and hardware capabilities of demand response, the building’s adjustable load potential will be further tapped and become an important part of the user side of energy Internet.

Abstract:Building high- penetration renewable energy systems is the only way to achieve carbon neutrality, but the output of renewable energy is fluctuating and seasonal. In order to realize the long-term planning of renewable energy, with the goal of minimizing the annualized cost, the links of production-storage-hydrogen use are included in the planning and decision-making of renewable energy, and a comprehensive system has been established.The hydrogen energy storage-based renewable energy system model for annual time series production simulation unifies the system cost problem and the operation simulation problem to the planning level. In order to verify the superiority of the renewable energy system based on hydrogen energy storage, the annualized cost of the renewable energy system based on battery energy storage is compared. In order to verify the applicability of areas with different wind and solar resources, the planning results of areas with different wind and wind resources characteristics are compared. Finally,the sensitivity analysis of the dispatchable energy price and the input power change of the electrolyzer equipment to the system parameters is introduced. The calculation example shows that the seasonal storage of electric energy in the hydrogen energy storage systems in the two regions has obvious advantages in terms of economy and curtailment rate, although it has disadvantages in comprehensive efficiency.

Abstract:Under the background of the "dual carbon" policy, the construction of a new power system has become an important strategic project in China. Energy storage has become an important support means for building a new power system because of its promotion of new energy consumption. Compared with centralized energy storage, distributed energy storage is more flexible and convenient, and it is easier to realize local consumption of distributed energy. Although distributed energy storage has many benefits for building new power systems, there is still a lack of reliable commercial operation modes in China to enable distributed energy storage to develop on a commercial scale. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss and analyze the commercial operation mode of distributed energy storage. Firstly, the commercial value of distributed energy storage recognized by the market is discussed from the policy level and the project practice level. Secondly, based on the domestic policy environment and the practical experience of related projects at home and abroad, the four mature business models of distributed energy storage are reviewed and discussed. Finally, based on the core commercial value of distributed energy storage and its physical characteristics of resource decentralization, the commercial operation mode of distributed energy storage is further prospected.

Abstract:Electric vehicle is an important tool for clean replacement in the field of transportation in China, and its high-quality development is crucial to the low- carbon development in the field of transportation. The development of electric vehicles is an overall, systematic and long-term work, involving the government,enterprises, users and other multiple subjects, including policy, research and development, production, operation, recycling and other links. The evaluation system of electric vehicle development situation needs to consider relevant factors as a whole, accurately position the development trend of electric vehicles in the city, and provide support for the city to formulate electric vehicle development policies. The policy chain, technology chain and industry chain in the development of electric vehicles are considered, and the evaluation index system of the development trend of electric vehicles from the five dimensions of policy support, technology development, market scale, supporting construction and business ecology is put forward. Combined with quantitative analysis and expert scoring method, the evaluation methods of each index system are given, and the evaluation method of the development trend of electric vehicles based on analytic hierarchy process. Finally, taking Jiangsu Province as an example, the values of various indicators of the development status of electric vehicles in Jiangsu Province are given, and compared with the relevant evaluation of Shanghai, the development suggestions of electric vehicles in Jiangsu Province are given.

Abstract:The development of new energy generation and energy storage has changed topology of traditional power grid. On the other hand, the development of intelligent technology in buildings has transformed building from single type energy consumers to hybrid energy producers. As a result, the role and function of smart buildings in power grid of carbon neutral has changed dramatically. The definition, composition and connotation of smart buildings under the development of new technologies need to be further clarified and summarized. Firstly, the principle of smart buildings participating in power grids of carbon neutral is discussed. Then,based on the difference in the amount of power generation in buildings, the parallel mode of smart building and power grid is discussed. Lastly, development of future development of power grids and buildings are prospected.

Abstract:In the context of the development of energy Internet, it has become an inevitable trend for distributed generation （DG）and electric heating load to achieve internal production and consumption by forming a power supply alliance, promote the consumption of new energy, and participate in market-oriented transactions. The conditions for the existence of the market transaction mode of power supply alliance composed of DG and electric heating load are given. Secondly, using the cooperative game theory,the pricing mechanism under the alliance transaction mode is established, and the calculation method of the interests of each participant is proposed. Then, with the goal of optimizing the interests of the sellers of the proxy power supply alliance, the model of power supply alliance selection, day ahead matching and quotation is constructed. Finally, through the simulation and analysis of the alliance transaction mode, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the optimization decision model are proved.

Abstract:With the continuous deepening of the spot market construction, the problem of unbalanced funds has become the key resistance to the regular operation of the spot market. Unbalanced funds are closely related to the characteristics of the market. Based on unilateral market mode and from the point of view of reducing the scale of dual-track unbalanced funds, a base for bottom settlement mechanism is designed. A settlement model of volatility unbalanced funds and congestion unbalanced funds under the base-forbottom settlement mechanism is proposed, and the correctness of the model by an example are put forward. The impact of the base for bottom settlement mechanism on volatility unbalanced funds and the interests of market players are analyzed, as well as the impact of contract signing of market entities on congestion unbalanced funds. In order to reduce the impact of unbalanced funds on the spot market and ensure a smooth start of the spot market, some suggestions are put forward from the aspects of market opening rhythm and market settlement mechanism.

Abstract:With the construction of the unified power market system, the integrated development of regional power markets has gradually accelerated, and the scale of the electricity trade across provinces and regions has been continuously expanded. A transmission income distribution method for multiple transmission network operators in regional integrated market based on the existing transmission and distribution price verification and charging mechanism is proposed. The transmission paths of electricity trade contracts across provinces and regions are optimized with the minimum network loss as the objective function, and the fixed transmission income is allocated according to the utilization of transmission network operator assets. Through the rational distribution of transmission income, the electricity trade scale of the regional market is expanded, which promotes the optimal allocation of transmission resources in the regional market. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by an example of IEEE-30 node system.

Abstract:With the spread of COVID-19 in the whole world,the domestic economic development has been greatly affected, and the pressure of power supply company’s electricity recovery has been increasing. In order to solve the problem of poor accuracy of electricity charge recovery and less pertinence in the situation of COVID- 19, a risk analysis method based on long term and short term memory network is proposed. Firstly, the classification system of power supply users is established, and the classification of power supply users is realized by AP clustering. Secondly, the credit of power supply users is evaluated through the information of power supply users’credit investigation and judicial judgment. Thirdly,through the long-term and short-term memory network, combined with the user’s historical payment information and the user’s credit, the electricity charge recovery analysis is carried out, and the possible arrears risk is predicted. Finally, an example is run in a regional power supply company, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract:Aiming at the low proportion of capacity electricity price in existing transmission and distribution price in China’s provincial power grid, and the difficulty of recovering fixed costs in China’s provincial power grid, the problem of transmission and distribution pricing system is studied under the background of constructing a new power system in China’s provincial power grid. Typical transmission and distribution electricity pricing systems of Britain, the United States, and France under the complete electricity market environment are sorted out, and their characteristics and laws are summarized. Combined with the development needs of China’s provincial power grid to construct a new power system on this basis, the necessity of building a new transmission and distribution pricing system based on capacity electricity price is analyzed,and the electricity data of large industrial users in 11 prefecture-level cities of a province of China in 2021 is taken as an example to calculate the transmission and distribution price based on capacity electricity price. The results show that if the capacity electricity price is implemented, the transmission and distribution cost can be fully recovered even if large amount of PV is connected to the grid and load level drops, which has reference significance for the design of transmission and distribution pricing mechanism in China’s provincial power grid.