Abstract:With the continuous increasing in the proportion of renewable energy power generation and the intensified trend of power demand“spikes”, the demand for flexible grid adjustment methods such as demand response has become more urgent. Firstly, the achievements of demand response implementation is summarized from three aspects：cooperating with grid operation, promoting renewable energy accommodation, and promoting the development of the power market based on the analysis of demand response development during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period. Secondly, the challenges faced by the development of demand response during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period are analyzed. Thecorresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of policy support, market environment, technology research and development, and standard application. Finally, the future development trend of demand response is predicted.

Abstract:With the extensive access of user-side distributed power generation, the resources that can be aggregated in virtual power plants are gradually transiting to prosumers. There are two main strategies for traditional virtual power plants to aggregate user-side resources：One is direct load control, the other one is to guide users to adjust their energy demand through load forecasting and then unilaterally setting the price of electricity. However, the first one cannot respect the user’s energy preference, while the second one cannot accurately predict the user behavior, so the price signal cannot accurately guide the user behavior. Moreover, the above strategies don’t consider the user’s power generation capacity. Aiming at the above problems, a stackelberg game model between the two sides is established, to set the purchase and sale prices inside the virtual power plant, guiding prosumers to adjust the power generation and consumption strategies, and finally the external output of virtual power plant is formed. The case analysis shows that both the virtual power plant and the internal producers and consumers can get considerable benefits through the model proposed. The case also shows that the change of the price of the spot market has a great influence on the determination of the internal market electricity price of the virtual power plant.

Abstract:With the deregulation of demand-side market, the marketization of demand response（DR）instead of the conventional power demand - side management is becoming a trend under the background of power market reform. A series of provinces and cities including Guangdong have implemented the market trade programs of DR. The Guangdong DR program’s elements are introduced including start-up condition, trading process, measurement approach and financial source, etc. Then, the market clearing mode and price mechanism for the bidding on the same platform of DR market actors and generators are proposed, and the role of two clearing modes in DR’s participation in spot market is analyzed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different clearing mechanisms and their impact on market actors are verified by market simulations.

Abstract:Driven by the carbon goals of“carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutral by 2060”, the carbon market and green certificate market are developing steadily and rapidly. With the rapid development of carbon market and green certificate market,the interaction and coupling of carbon, green certificate and electricity market will be generated, and a trading system framework covering multiple markets and multiple subjects will be formed.The weight of renewable energy consumption responsibility are studied and considered. The degree of influence of each market subject by carbon market and green certificate market are combined. Based on the cost-benefit analysis of multi-agent market, an optimal trading decision model is established to maximize the profit of each trading agent. While meeting the assessment of renewable energy consumption level, the balance of market interests of all market players has been realized. The influence of renewable energy quota and carbon quota on electricity and profit of multi-agent trade is analyzed by numerical example.

Abstract:China’s power market reform has brought certain risks to the market operation. A comprehensive and objective risk assessment system is needed to quantify the existing risks and potential risks of the current power market operation. By mining and analyzing the risk factors from four aspects, such as market structure, market subject, market efficiency and market operntion mechanism, the corresponding indicators are extracted. The weighting of each index is calculated by combining the improved analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. The multi - dimensional evaluation of power market risk is carried out with an example to verify the proposed the applicability and validity of the evaluation model.

Abstract:With the deepning of electricity market system, under the environment of power market, the purchase and sale of electricity as the core business of the electricity retailer will determine its main operating costs and core competitiveness. A united optimization strategy for the purchase and sale of electricity by electricity retailers is proposed. On the electricity purchase side, it considers the combination of medium and long -term market and spot market electricity purchases and interruptible load call of users.The electricity sale side combines the user’s electricity utility, decision of the price of retail packages, and the use of CVaR to measure the risk, to achieve the goal of maximizing profit and minimizing risk for electricity sales companies. It is proved through calculation examples that the proposed joint optimization model can effectively increase the purchase and sale revenue of electricity retailers. It provides reference for the electricity retailers’decision-making.

Abstract:From the separation of government and enterprise in 1998, separation of power plants and power grid in 2002, and a new round of power system reform in 2015, the new power reform had passed five years in 2020. As the key to the construction of a new round of electricity reform market, the construction of electric power spot market has been officially launched since August 2017.The pilot spot market framework has been developed from scratch,and the implementation path has been gradually clear. Spot electricity market is the symbol and core of modern power market system. However, the trial settlement of domestic spot electricity market is still a preliminary exploration under the integration of plan and market in the process of power market reform. The problems related to the unbalanced capital in the spot market of electric power under the dual track system are analyzed, and the direction of further deepening the reform of power system is being looked for.

Abstract:The construction of the power Internet of Things（IoT）forms a real -time power market main information collection library, which provides decision-making assistance and active service to the whole power market. According to the fast fluctuation of electricity price, which makes the power retailers being taken the risks of losing profit under power IoT environment. A market insurance mechanism based on electricity price fluctuation insurance is proposed. Firstly, the electricity trading market structure based on market insurance is established, and the complex relationship between the main trading subjects is clarified. Secondly, the optimal insurance strategy of power retailers and insurance design strategy of the insurance companies are forward though the quantitative evaluation of the cost profit. Finally, a case of the market operation of power retailers in Guangdong province demonstrates the realizability and application value of the insurance mechanism transfer and the diversification of the operating risk of power retailers, which show that the proposed insurance mechanism can effectively disperse and transfer the risk of electricity price fluctuation, and reach win-win situation between power retailers and insurance companies.

Abstract:Market power evaluation in the electricity market is important to ensure fair competition and high market efficiency.In view of the sources and evaluation methods of market power, the source of market power to structural market power（SMP）and physical restrictive market power（PRMP）is attributed. Based on attribution, the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and international market power evaluation indexes and their application are summarized, reference for reasonable selection of evaluation indicators in practical applications is provided. The assessment methods are divided into three categories：market share - based assessment methods, load and congestion-based assessment methods and participant system-based assessment methods. On this basis, the development trends of market power evaluation research is analyzed to provide support for the establishment and improvement of market power evaluation research.

Abstract:When the widespread access of new energy power generation and air conditioning to the park energy Internet, the uncertainty of the source-load side leads to the complex and changeable operation scenarios.The impact on the energy-saving operation of the park cannot be ignored. How to realize the efficient economic planning of the park energy Internet is an urgent problem to be studied at present. Therefore, the current stochastic programming theory is firstly summarized, and the research status at home and abroad is analyzed. Based on statistical machine learning, the following three key problems are analyzed. Firstly, the complex operation scenario simulation technology of energy Internet caused by the uncertainty of new energy power generation and demand response. The second is the typical scenario generation technology；The third is the safe and stable artificial intelligence programming solution technology. Finally, the development prospect is put forward. Statistical machine learning theory will be one of the important directions of the future development of the energy network in the park.

Abstract:With the rapid development of distributed photovoltaics, how to determine the maximum access capacity of distributed photovoltaics in active distribution networks has become a research hotspot to promote the healthy development of renewable energy consumption. Firstly, since the access of distributed photovoltaics will have a great impact on the distribution network voltage,the time series voltage sensitivity index is proposed to obtain the candidate nodes of distributed PV. Secondly, source- load uncertainty time series scenario set is established. Based on this, a distributed photovoltaic access capacity evaluation model that takes into account uncertainty is constructed. At last, the optimization modal is transformed to the mixed integer linear programming with the help of robust linearization and duality theory. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of high local node voltage caused by high-penetration distributed new energy sources in the low-voltage distribution network, it is proposed to consider the integration of virtual energy storage of air-conditioning groups into the distribution network voltage and reactive power optimization control model. Firstly, the electric heating virtual energy storage based on the heat storage characteristics of the building is modeled. This model takes the daily operating cost of the distribution network and the minimum voltage deviation as the objective function. A multi-objective fuzzy programming model is used to reasonably control the output power of distributed energy, energy storage batteries,SVG and the upper-level grid in the distribution network. Finally,the southern summer system operation scenario is taken as an example to conduct a simulation experiment on the control system.Through the simulation of IEEE 33 system, the results show that the low-voltage distribution network system considering virtual energy storage has a good effect on maintaining the comfort of the body in the building while maintaining voltage stability, reducing the number and depth of charging and discharging of energy storage batteries, and reducing the daily operating costs of the distribution network.

Abstract:In order to reduce the adverse impact of wind power grid connection and improve the wind power consumption space,a hybrid energy storage system is added in the active distribution network with wind power output, and its configuration is optimized.Considering the influence of wind power random output on power flow, the mathematical model of wind power and energy storage connected to distribution network is established. The optimal allocation model of energy storage system is established with the objective of minimizing the active power loss, voltage deviation and investment cost. On this basis, the gray wolf algorithm is improved to solve the model. Taking IEEE 33 node system as an example, the optimal configuration scheme of energy storage system is obtained.The simulation results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively dispose the energy storage system, improve the overall economy and security, and increase the wind power consumption capacity of the system.

Abstract:In view of the distribution network scheduling and control problems caused by a large number of distributed generation access to the power grid, and the increasingly serious peak valley difference problem of the power grid, demand response has become a necessary means of power grid regulation. Through virtual power plant technology, load aggregators aggregate distributed resources such as cogeneration, photovoltaic, distributed energy storage and interruptible load to tap the demand response value of controllable load and energy storage, and realize the source-network-load coordination and optimization mechanism of regional distribution network. A bi-level optimization model of virtual power plant is established firstly. The upper level takes the maximum profit of load aggregator as the optimal objective, the self restriction of distributed resources as the constraint condition, the lower level takes the maximum profit of energy storage and interruptible load as the optimal objective, the self restriction of energy storage and interruptible load as the constraint condition, and uses CPLEX solver.Then, the benefit of load aggregators, energy storage devices and users is analyzed in three forms：pure price-based demand response,individual participation in incentive-based demand response, and VPP participation in incentive-based demand response. Finally,through the benefit analysis of the calculation results, it is proved that participating in the incentive demand response in the form of virtual power plant in this application scenario can improve the economic benefits of load aggregators and energy storage devices.

Abstract:The single-phase load and the three-phase load in the low-voltage station area are mixed and the wiring system is special. The three-phase unbalance is common and serious, causing more serious unbalanced additional line loss. The difference in the load size and spatial distribution of each phase causes the imbalance in the low-voltage station area to be great different, and the impact on the unbalanced line loss cannot be ignored. In order to improve the accuracy of the line loss calculation in the low-voltage station area, a three-phase unbalanced line loss calculation model that considers the load distribution based on the forward method is constructed, and an unbalanced correction coefficient considering the load distribution to characterize the effect of the three-phase distribution on the line loss is proposed. In order to facilitate the application, based on the four typical load distributions, the model is equivalently simplified, and a three-phase unbalanced line loss calculation method that is suitable for two types of typical load distribution scenarios and considering the load distribution is proposed. The calculation example verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the method, and can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of line loss calculation in the low-voltage station area.

Abstract:Based on the monitoring data of household smart meters, a sample database of residents’demand response is constructed. Based on the sample database, feature engineering is carried out to fully mine the characteristics of responsive users, such as family attributes, response behavior and power consumption behavior. On this basis, the self-learning optimization model of resident power demand response neural network is constructed. According to the data of different family labels and historical response results, the participation of resident demand response is predicted. With the continuous development of demand response in typical scenarios, the model is iterated and optimized. Finally,according to the regulation objectives, the demand response regulation strategy is intelligently formulated. Results show that the proposed demand response strategy can accurately identify the residential demand response participation and reduce the demand response incentive cost.

Abstract:Demand response is an important way to solve the imbalance of power supply and demand. Transactive control is a new demand response control method, which can effectively achieve peak shaving, load shifting and improve power system flexibility. At present, there is a lack of research on transactive control in China. To promote the application and development of transactive control in China’s demand response of air-conditioning, the relevant foreign research content is investigated deeply, and the transactive control principle, structure and advantages, bidding and clearing strategies,calculation methods for indoor temperature set points are analyzed. Several enlightenments and suggestions are summarized, and the emphases and difficulties of applying transactive control strategies are discussed.

Abstract:The participation of demand response（DR）in electricity market trading can enhance the optimal allocation of electricity resources, promote the DR programs implemented sustainably,improve the price mechanism of electricity market, and reduce the risk of electricity market operation. The DR approaches and mechanism under PJM electricity spot market are concluded. The process of DR participating in day-ahead and real-time electricity market,ancillary service market is described, and the principles related with DR approaches and mechanism in electricity spot market is also analyzed. Finally, based on the spot market in our country, the influence of DR mechanism to market transaction and dispatching is analyzed and suggestions for DR program implementation is proposed as well.