Abstract:In order to adapt to the new era of high quality development, higher demand for power demand side management is proposed, so upgrading development on power demand side management is required. Three upgrading development orientations are discussed, they are macro management upgrading of electricity use, micro management upgrading of electricity use, and service upgrading of comprehensive electricity use.

Abstract:The aggregation form of DERs inside VPP has impact on its output stability and efficiency of each DER. An internal resource aggregation strategy of VPP based on different basic configurations is proposed according to VPP’s preferences for different DERs. Firstly, characteristics of DERs are described. Then an aggregation model of internal resources, which takes into account the operational characteristics of DERs and constraints of power system, is established aiming at maximizing the VPP’s profit in the dayahead market. Multiscenario method is used to deal with uncertainty of DERs. The combination form of VPP’s internal resources and output of each DER in different scenarios are derived from the model. The results of case study show that the combination form of DERs varies with the change of operation scenarios. There is a significant demand for the flexible DERs in every kind of scenario. Meanwhile,comparing with others, VPP with flexible DERs as basic configuration can obtain a larger profit.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of operating in coordination with building air conditioner（BAC）and other types of demand side resources, in virtual power plant（VPP）the variation characteristics of indoor temperature and electricity consumption under the start stop control and continuous regulation mode of BAC are compared based on modeling and analysis of BAC, thus the regulation mode adapted to coordinating the operation of BAC and other demand side resources in VPP is chosen. Furthermore,considering user’s comfort grading and demand response compensation price, taking the lowest cost of regional energy supply as the objective function, a coordinative optimization model of multitype demand side resources in VPP considering air conditioning load is established. Linearization method is used to deal with the nonlinear function and optimization model is transformed into mixed integer linear programming model. The example shows that the coordinated energy supply mode of BAC and other demandside resources in VPP considering users’comfort can effectively reduce regional load shedding and the power consumption of building, so that building users can obtain compensation benefits.

Abstract:A virtual power plant（VPP）aggregation method of large scale diversified flexible loads is proposed based on the idea of cyberphysical system. Firstly, a devicelevel CPS model is proposed, and a unified physical dynamic model and a bidding strategy are built based on user satisfaction. The proposed method can realize autonomous control on the premise of electricity satisfaction, user privacy and device security. Secondly, based on the market equilibrium mechanism, a coordination strategy for large scale flexible loads is proposed, achieving equal degree of satisfaction in load cluster and reducing communication bandwidth as well as control complexity. Thirdly, a VPP aggregation method is proposed to promote the hierarchical aggregation of physical dynamics and demand characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a VPP simulation case, which aggregates diversified flexible loads including distributed energy storages, electric vehicles and airconditioners.

Abstract:Virtual power plant solves the problem of lack of effective coordination and control between independent distributed energy generation. With the development of electricity market reform, VPP gradually participates in the market competition as a comprehensive ecommerce. Considering various uncertainties and risks in power transactions, a reasonable trading strategy for VPP trading in power market is proposed. Firstly, the uncertainties of VPP trading in power market are analyzed, and scenario analysis method is used to model the uncertainty factors. The profit of VPP in each sub market is calculated and multi loss CVaR method is used to measure the risk factors. Then the portfolio model of VPP trading in power market is obtained. Finally, the case study is given to demonstrate the impact of uncertainties on VPP trading in power market and give the trading strategy under different risk preferences. The results verify the rationality of the proposed trading strategy and provide a reference for VPP to participate in power market.

Abstract:The uncertainty of renewable energy generation and electric vehicle charging brings new challenges to the operation of power system. In view of the uncertainty of the participation of virtual power plants including wind power generation and electric vehicle charging and discharging in the power market, an optimal scheduling strategy for hybrid energy storage virtual power plants is proposed to participate in the power market. Based on the roulette mechanism, the uncertainty model of wind power generation is established, and the uncertainty parameters of electric vehicles are introduced into the model. By analyzing the demand of power market, a stochastic optimal scheduling scheme based on the uncertainty model is developed. The effectiveness and applicability of the scheme are verified by an example, which provides guidance for the hybrid energy storage virtual power plant to participate in the power market scheduling.

Abstract:Based on the background of retail power market deregulation, the bidding model and power system clearing model are investigated considering traditional power plants, retailing electricity suppliers and virtual power plants participating in the market competition. Based on the marginal cost of traditional power producers and virtual power plants and the marginal revenue of the retailing electricity suppliers, the bidding function model of each entity is established. The piecewise linearization method is used to linearize the continuous bidding function to extract the segment bidding function, which is introduced to the power system clearing model to calculate the optimization results. The testing examples verify the effectiveness of the method.

Abstract:According to the adjustment agility of the load aggregator, the interrupt load is divided into two categories, and a virtual power plant model based on demand response is constructed.On this basis, the operating cost of the new energy power system with minimum wind power is the optimization goal, and a twostage optimal scheduling model involving demand response virtual power plant is established. Based on the premise of optimizing the model to meet the system backup, the scheduling of different types of interruptible loads in the day before and during the day is studied in the range of 24 time periods. In particular, the effects of different wind power prediction error admission thresholds on interruptible load calls are considered. The results of the example show that the proposed model can reduce the operating cost of the new energy power system and determine the number of annual interruptions of the interruptible load.

Abstract:An air conditioning control strategy with supplyand demand interaction is proposed under the background of virtual power generation. The indoor energy management device is used to predict the room temperature and calculate the load adjustable capacity controlled by the indoor energy management device. After each residential energy management device reports the adjustable capacity, the grid side issues load cutting instructions, and the residential energy management device accepts the instructions to centrally regulate the air conditioning load, providing a large amount of adjustable capacity for the grid side when maximum comfort of users is guaranteed. The virtual power plant technology is fully used and the physical energy management device is combined to realize the centralized control of largescale air conditioning load.

Abstract:The virtual power plant of commercial building is aspecial virtual public facility, formed by establishing a consumer oriented control of power consumption capacity. It can transmit power at any time when the city needs, and effectively alleviate the contradiction of regional power consumption balance. In recent years,Shanghai has complied with the needs of the national power systemreform and power grid development, implemented the approval spirit of the NDRC on developing the national demand side management demonstration project in Huangpu district, developed, constructed and operated the commercial building virtual power plant, and comprehensively carried out the virtual power generation practice. The background of developing virtual power plant is introduced. The application of key technologies of virtual power plant, the constructionof external operation platform, the design of internal control and interaction mechanism is expounded. The actual implementation and highlights of virtual power generation are summarized. The results and existing problems are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward for further development in the future.

Abstract:Power to gas and power to heat are significant to renewable energy accommodation and shift peaks and fill the valley.The research on the economics of applying it to the integrated energy system of the park plays an important role in the promotion and application on the demand side. Firstly, a mathematical model of the key devices in the system is established. Then a system optimization operation model, aiming at the lowest system operating cost, with energy balance, equipment operation, and power exchange with the grid as constraints is established. Finally, the model is solved by the mixed integer linear programming method. The example shows that compared with the separated production system and the operation strategy of FED and FTD, the integrated energy system of the park with power to gas and power to heat is more economical and operational strategy is better. Power to gas and power to heat devices also can effectively utilize the electricity in the power system valley load period, and has a strong ability to shift peaks and fill the valley.

Abstract:The continuous development of the economy has made the scale of the lowvoltage distribution network increasingly large, but at the same time exposes some problems in the management of the line loss in the transformer areas. The fault of transformermeter relationship in transformer areas is one of the main causes of abnormal line loss. In order to make up for the shortcomings of maintenance personnel who need to check the methods of all users on a casebycase basis, a datadriven method for verifying the transformermeter relationship of the district is proposed. The model uses the historical data of power supply and power consumption in the transformer area, and optimizes the daily line loss rate of the transformer area as the optimization target, and adopts the method of rolling optimization under the longterm scale, and finally gives the user who is suspected to have a transformer meter relationship error.Finally, by using two actual case studies, the result shows that the model can give a set of users with suspected file errors, and realizes the efficiency of the transformermeter relationship verification.

Abstract:With the wide application of intelligent home appliances and the development of load monitoring technology, the optimal scheduling of household controllable load has become an important research content of virtual power plant. Considering the economy and comfort of household electricity consumption, a multiobjective electricity consumption model is proposed, which comprehensively considers the correlation of household electricity load,comfort of electricity consumption and satisfaction with the payment of electricity. According to the load characteristics, the mathematical models of rigid load and flexible load and their constraint conditions are established. The load usage correlation matrix is introduced to adjust the parameters of load running time, and a multiobjective power consumption model is established, which considers the user’s comfort level and the satisfaction degree of electricity expense, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The results show that the optimization strategy can effectively meet the customer’s electricity comfort and reduce the electricity economy.

Abstract:With the rapid development of the Internet in modern era, the traditional power grid can no longer meet the people’sgrowing power demand. In order to realize a new generation of power systems with comprehensive sensing, reliable transmission, intelligent processing and mutual interaction, the State Grid proposes the strategic goal of developing a ubiquitous power Internet of Things. Firstly, based on the background of clean energy and energy demand, the concept and basic structure of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things are fully explained, then the key technologies of the electric power consumption monitoring and management system architecture are explained. Finally, taking the electric power consumption monitoring and management system of Yangzhong Electric Power Research Center of North China Electric Power University for example, the basic application of ubiquitous power Internet of Things is expounded, which provides effective reference for other related research.

Abstract:On the basis of the requirements of“13th Five Year Plan”energy conservation targets of Guangdong, the government has adopted a macropolicy of energy audit for key highenergy consuming industrial enterprises, requiring to enhance the practicability of the energy audit process from the aspects of establishing the awareness of saving energy and water for all employees, perfecting the system and strengthening the management of the process,improving the assessment management of energy performance, and standardizing the management of energy measurement and energy consuming equipment. Taking the energy audit of a ceramic enterprise in Guangdong as an example, the energy utilization status of the factory by auditing the energy consumption data and economic data of the factory is analyzed, its potential in environmental energy conservation in the production and management process is discussed, and feasible suggestions on environmental protection and energy conservation is put forward. The research results have certain significance to promote the sustainable development of enterprises’economy and environment, and also provide references for other ceramic factories to carry out and promote environmental protection and energy conservation work.

Abstract:At present, the domestic reform of the electric power system is comprehensively deepening, and the power retail business will be liberalized on a large scale, which will have a huge impact on the production and operation of power grid enterprises while bringing dividends to the society. The system dynamics model is introduced to conduct quantitative research. According to the business process, seven submodels of power retail business costrevenue model, power transmission and distribution business revenuscost model, power valueadded service revenuscost model, grid staff turnover model, cash flow model, demandside response model, power retail and related business profit model are respectively established. Based on the relevant data of the 2018 annual report of the electric power market in a province, the influence of the relevant indicators of the electric power grid is analyzed through three scenarios, namely the change of the growth rate of marketized electric power, the change of the agent electric power of the electric power selling company and the change of the price difference between the purchase and sale of electric power. The study has certain reference value for power grid enterprises to actively respond to the reform and carry out the evaluation of power system reform.

Abstract:A new round of electric power system reform is underway with the release of“Several opinions on further deepening the reform of the electric power system”and its supporting documents. The new reform will liberalize the electricity selling market and encourage social capital to establish electricity selling company. Those companies can buy electricity from power generation companies and sell electricity to users. As a traditional power supply service provider and power seller, it is the responsibility and obligation for grid companies to provide efficient and convenient services to all power selling entities, promote market competition and ensure the smooth progress of power reform. In order to better implement the document requirements, the functional requirements analysis of market oriented customer relationship business in the market based electricity power selling system is analyzed,the business, application and data architecture of the platform are introduced. It is believed that the technical supports have been provided in terms of setting up electricity selling company files and relations between power users and electricity selling companies.

Abstract:The service efficiency of the business hall reflects the utilization efficiency and service capacity of the business hall of the power industry. Through the service data, business hall and busness data, which accumulated in the power customer service process of a provincial power company, a business hall performance evaluation model based on entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process is proposed. The model has a rigorous threelevel index device, which is incrementally added from the cost, service scope and substitutability, and complements each other, thus achieves an additional weight performance evaluation system. The establishment of the business performance evaluation system can objectively reflect the efficiency of the business hall and the quality of service from the perspective of users. It has a strong practical significance for optimizing the distribution of business halls and integrating lowefficiency business halls.