Optimal scheduling strategy for battery swapping stations based on real operational data and dynamic blind-box incentives
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1. School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096 , China ; 2. Wuhan NIO Energy Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430051 , China ; 3. Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211102 , China

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TM734

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    Abstract:

    To mitigate power distribution network load superposition caused by heterogeneous private electric vehicle (EV) behaviors, a bi-layer optimal scheduling method integrating battery swapping entitlement profiling with a dynamic incentive “blind boxes” is proposed. Through a two-dimensional profiling system, users are categorized into three groups, and a “charging inertia” theory is employed to quantify the energy leverage effect during replenishment path shifts. A bidirectional dynamic incentive mechanism is designed to guide entitled users toward residential charging via non-linear psychological incentives while attracting paying users during off-peak hours. Based on this, a bi-layer model is established to maximize operator profits and minimize network power loss and voltage deviations. It is demonstrated through simulation using real-world data from Shanghai that user response thresholds are accurately identified by the strategy. Operator profits are increased, peak-to-valley differences are reduced, and nodal voltage fluctuations are significantly stabilized without compromising user experience.

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CHEN Guanyuan, CHEN Tao, GAO Ciwei, XIANG Chen, FANG Chao, WANG Zhongwei. Optimal scheduling strategy for battery swapping stations based on real operational data and dynamic blind-box incentives[J].,2026,28(4):87-93.

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History
  • Received:March 21,2026
  • Revised:April 27,2026
  • Adopted:
  • Online: July 20,2026
  • Published: July 15,2026
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