Under the background of a tight power balance, improving energy efficiency on the user side is a crucial to alleviate grid supply pressure. For energy management of household air conditioning systems under time-of-use pricing, a coordinated optimization model for air conditioning and battery energy storage systems is proposed. This model limits the frequent switching of the battery storage device between charging and discharging states within a rolling time-domain control framework. Based on the laboratory setup, a combined air conditioning and energy storage system for cooperative operation is constructed based on the Internet of Thing, where a distributed integration scheme for the energy management monitoring platform and other core components is provided. Through simulation and experiments, the effectiveness of the air conditioning-battery storage economic operation model and the energy management system is validated. The air conditioning system and energy storage devices exhibit obvious pre-cooling and pre-charging behaviors before peak electricity prices. Compared to the independent operation of the air conditioning system, joint economic operation reduces electricity costs by 13%.