Vehicle-to-grid（V2G）technology can fully realize the potential of electric vehicles（EVs）to reduce carbon emissions and increase efficiency in transportation and power systems. However, the effective implementation of V2G technology depends on the public’s willingness to accept the technology, and there are still some research gaps on how to effectively promote the deployment and operation of V2G technology on demand side. In order to comprehensively analyze users’acceptance of V2G technology, considering charging and discharging scenarios, a conceptual framework on the basis of the unified theory of acceptance and use technology model is proposed, and hypotheses are proposed correspondingly. Through questionnaire survey, 855 valid questionnaires are collected, including 428 EV owners and 427 potential EV owners interested in purchasing EV. Based on the structural equation model, the total sample is analyzed, and the results show that perceived utility had the greatest impact on respondents’acceptance, and community had a significant influence on respondents perceived altruism. Then, the differences between the two types of respondents are compared and analyzed. The results show that perceived utility and altruism important for EV users to participate in charging and discharging. While potential EV owners are more concerned about incentive conditions and technical reliability. Finally, suggestions are put forward to improve the acceptance of EV users to participate in orderly charge-discharge scheduling policies, which can provide references for the transportation and power systems to deploy and evaluate the impact of V2G technology.