In order to meet the challenges of climate change and energy structure transformation, European and American governments have formulated a series of energy policies and power system development strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote the sustainable development of energy systems and improve their international status in climate governance. In the context of domestic double carbon’goal and the construction of a new power system, the accumulated experience of energy transition in developed countries in Europe and America has a certain reference value for China’s energy strategy. The latest energy policies and power system development strategies of the European Union and the United States are sorted out, the similarities and differences of domestic and foreign power system construction are deeply analyzed in terms of policy guidance, technological innovation and market construction, and refine the elements in their strategic development plans that are worthy of reference for the construction of new power systems in China, so as to provide reference for the improvement of China’s energy policies and power system development routes.