Abstract:Leveraging the flexibility of low-voltage-side resources is a crucial means to ensure a balanced power supply and demand, as well as support the integration of renewable energy sources. Ways in which low-voltage-side resources can participate in the electricity market are currently under exploration. First, the typical approaches for low-voltage-side resource participation in the electricity market are categorized, with a particular focus on the coordination between transmission and distribution system operators when resources engage in multiple markets. Second, a detailed overview and analysis of pilot projects involving low-voltage-side resource participation in markets in North America and Europe is provided. Subsequently, the involvement of balance responsible party in Europe market is proposed and a tiered traffic-light mechanism for assessing grid operational status is introduced. Finally, taking into account the specific circumstances and current status of the Chinese electricity market, a coordination scheme and mechanism design for the involvement of low-voltage-side resources that aligns with the Chinese electricity market system is presented.