Integrating distributed photovoltaic in charging stations will help reduce the operating costs of charging stations and promote low-carbon development in cities. The charging load impact of the charging station and the uncertainty of the distributed photovoltaic output make the total load power of the charging station have greater fluctuations. For centralized charging stations for electric buses with photovoltaic power generation systems, a multi-stage optimal dispatch model is constructed. In the first stage, according to the bus travel plan, an orderly charging model with the goal of maximizing the charging margin is established, and the intermittent charging period of the bus is calculated. In the second stage, a multi-level optimization model with the goal of reducing charging costs and grid fluctuations is established. On the basis of ensuring the lowest operating cost of bus charging stations, the overall energy quality of charging stations is improved. The simulation results show that the optimization strategy can reasonably arrange the charging behavior and charging power of electric buses, so that the charging cost of the bus station is the lowest, and the overall power curve remains stable during different electricity price periods.