The dual-carbon target and energy transformation promote the large-scale access of distributed renewable energy to rural power grids, resulting in a new rural power grid which have two typical characteristics including high proportion of new energy and bidirectional power flow. In the new rural power grid, technical challenges such as bidirectional power flow, reverse power transmission, voltage random fluctuation, inverter harmonics, protection configuration, and safe power consumption are becoming more and more prominent. The development status of China’s rural power grid, and the technical challenges faced by the rural power grid under the dual carbon target are analyzed, and the key measures and technical subjects are put forward to be studied in the construction of the new rural power grid, so as to provide methodological support for the planning and construction of the new rural power grid.