Based on the responsibility of promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and the internal requirements of achieving sustainable development, China has put forward the“double carbon goal”strategy, and promoted the energy form revolution through clean energy and electrification to reduce carbon emissions. Firstly, the characteristics of energy structure transformation under the dual carbon goal are analyzed,the problems faced in the process of electric energy alternative development are summarized and combed, electric energy alternative development must break the constraints of technology, economy,mechanism and concept are concluded, and promote change with technological progress is proposed, focusing on five major fields of industry, construction, transportation, agriculture and residents,from material technology, energy conversion technology. The energy supply and storage technology further develops the implementation path of electric energy substitution.