For a long time, fossil energy has supported the development of Chinese industrial civilization. At the same time, it has also brought about environmental pollution, climate change and other practical problems affecting human survival and development. Electricity is a clean, efficient and convenient secondary energy source, while electricity substitution is an important path to achieve the goal of “carbon peak”and“carbon neutral”. Firstly, the phased tasks under the vision of“carbon neutral”are sorted out,and the development prospect of electricity substitution under the goal of“carbon neutral”is analyzed. Secondly, the achievements made in the work of electricity substitution during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period are listed. Finally, on the basis, the development strategy and follow-up work of various technologies of electricity substitution during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period are analyzed.