The issue of household energy consumption has been concerned by the society, and the study of the impact mechanism is the key. Five influencing variables are selected, a structural equation model is constructed, and the influence mechanism of household energy consumption behavior is analyzed. The data is obtained based on the investigation of 13 cities in Jiangsu province. The partical least squares regression method is used to estimate the path coefficients. It is confirmed that the four variables such as environmental literacy, family characteristics, lifestyle and education have effects on household energy consumption behavior.The interaction of structural variables and the combined effects of household energy consumption behaviors are measured.