In order to further reduce the load pressure during peak and valley periods in the integrated energy system, improve the low-carbon economy of system operation, and reduce system operation risks, the differences in demand response of different loads and the uncertainty of demand response are considered. The uncertainty of demand response is fuzzily processed, and a low-carbon economic dispatch model for the integrated energy system considering the uncertainty of differentiated demand response is established. Firstly, differentiate pricing for different types of loads and use a tiered carbon emission cost model to constrain carbon emissions. On this basis, a planning model is established with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the system, including the operation and maintenance cost, energy sales revenue, and carbon emission cost. Then, the squirrel algorithm is improved and solved using the chaotic squirrel optimization algorithm. Through actual case analysis, the results show that considering the uncertainty of differentiated demand response can improve system reliability, smooth the load curve, and improve the low-carbon economy of the system. This verifies the effectiveness of the established scheduling model, and the data also shows that the chaotic squirrel algorithm has better optimization ability.