Sustainable development of green energy is an important path for China to achieve the 3060 dual carbon target, but problems such as large fluctuations in new energy output and lagging subsidies have affected the development of new energy. Green certificate trading is an effective means to improve the revenue of new energy generation under the regulation of market mechanisms. Operation optimization strategy of virtual power plants under the green certificate trading mode is studied. First, on the purchasing side, power generation companies regard maximizing sales and green certificate profits as the goal, while virtual power plant operators regard minimizing purchase and green certificate costs as the goal, a master-slave game model is constructed between virtual power plants and power generation companies. Then, on the sales side, virtual power plant operators aim to maximize electricity sales and green certificate revenue, while users aim to minimize comprehensive costs, a dynamic game model between virtual power plants and users is constructed. Finally, CPLEX solver is used to solve the model. Examples verify that participating in green certificate trading can simultaneously expand the profits of power generation companies and virtual power plants, and better promote the cooperative relationship between power generation companies, virtual power plant operators, and users.