Load aggregators can aggregate users’loads,achieve demand response, and ease grid pressure. To lessen the effects of the different users’demand response capability and the uncertainty of users’response behavior on the response characteristics of load aggregators, a potential assessment model is built and a load aggregator optimal dispatching model based on refined potential evaluation is proposed. Firstly, four indicators are designed, an accurate potential assessment model based on the users’historical power consumption data is established, the assessment of demand response potential is accurated to the device level,and then demand response potential of users and devices under different economic incentives are studied. Next, the demand potential assessment model and load aggregator optimal dispatching model are combined and optimal dispatching results are solved. The simulation results show that the model can accurately reflect demand response potential of users and devices. Combining this model with the optimal dispatching of the load aggregator can give full play to users’ability to participate in demand response, improve users’satisfaction and mobilize the enthusiasm of users, thereby improving the reliability and overall economy of the load aggregator.