Prioritizing energy conservation and controlling total energy consumption by improving comprehensive energy efficiency are the basic principles of energy revolution, and also the im portant prerequisites for promoting energy structure optimization and upgrading, leading green and lowcarbon transformation, strengthening energy security and achieving high-quality energy development. Firstly, the progress of energy intensity and consumption “double control”is analyzed, as well as the coming situation and challenges. Secondly, the new missions of energy conservation and comprehensive energy efficiency improvement in the new era are put forward, including 3 aspects of promoting energy transformation, building ecological civilization and expanding new momentum of green development. Finally, the ideas and approaches of energy conservation and improving comprehensive energy efficiency in the “14th Five-Year Plan”period are discussed from the aspects of systematic optimization, multidimensional collaboration and synthetical integration. It can be concluded that, in the“14th Five-Year Plan”period, the efficiency of energy system must be greatly improved, and the control and management for total energy consumption should be implied, especially fossil energy consumption. The strategic position of energy conservation and comprehensive energy efficiency also should get enhanced, and the energy conservation should fully play the role as“the first energy”.