弱电网下跟/构网变流器混联系统容量配比研究
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1.河海大学 电气与动力工程学院;2.河海大学 人工智能与自动化学院

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Capacity Allocation of Hybrid Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Systems Under Weak Grid Conditions
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    摘要:

    跟网型(grid-following,GFL)变流器在弱电网下极易引发振荡失稳,在新能源场站配置一定比例的构网型(grid-forming,GFM)变流器可以提升系统稳定性,故GFL/GFM变流器的配比是影响系统稳定性的关键因素。为此提出了一种基于临界短路比(critical short circuit ratio, CSCR)的混联系统构网容量临界配比解析模型。首先,建立跟/构网变流器的正负序阻抗模型,对比跟/构网变流器的序阻抗特性;其次,构建混联并网系统三端口等值模型,通过对控制参数进行灵敏度分析,精准辨识影响系统交互稳定性的主导参数;然后,结合广义奈奎斯特稳定判据与跟网设备维持稳定所需的CSCR边界条件,推导了保障系统小干扰稳定的构网变流器最小接入比例解析模型。最后,通过暂态仿真验证了理论分析的有效性。研究结果表明:所提解析模型能精确计算出所需的临界构网容量,促使系统交互谐振频带右移至稳定区;所提配置方法显著提升了系统的相位裕度,有效平抑了弱电网下的宽频交互失稳现象。

    Abstract:

    Oscillation instability is easily induced by grid-following (GFL) converters under weak grid conditions. However, system stabil-ity can be significantly enhanced by the integration of a certain proportion of grid-forming (GFM) converters within renewable energy stations. Consequently, the capacity ratio of GFL to GFM converters is regarded as a critical factor governing system sta-bility. To address this, an analytical model for the capacity alloca-tion based on the critical short circuit ratio (CSCR) is proposed in this paper. Initially, positive- and negative-sequence impedance models for both GFL and GFM converters are established to facilitate the comparison of their sequence impedance character-istics. Subsequently, a three-port equivalent model of the hybrid grid-connected system is constructed. Through sensitivity analy-sis, the dominant control parameters affecting the interactive stability of the system are accurately identified. Furthermore, by integrating the generalized Nyquist stability criterion with the CSCR boundary conditions required for maintaining the stability of grid-connected equipment, an analytical model for the mini-mum integration ratio of GFM converters—which ensures the small-signal stability of the system—is rigorously derived. Fi-nally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified through electromagnetic transient simulations. It is demonstrated by the research results that the required critical GFM capacity can be accurately calculated by the proposed analytical model, thereby facilitating the rightward shift of the system''s interactive reso-nance frequency band into the stable region. Through this con-figuration, the phase margin of the system is significantly en-hanced, and the broadband interactive instability under weak grid conditions is effectively suppressed.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-26
  • 最后修改日期:2026-06-01
  • 录用日期:2026-08-21
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