| In response to the common problem in EV–grid interactions of balancing short-term gains with battery life, combined with the residential-area EV dispatch scenario and battery aging characteristics, we establish a coordinating EV charging/discharging optimization model that accounts for battery degradation. Specifically, we proceed as follows: First, we construct a microgrid system model within a residential area to describe the energy interactions among the public grid, renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and EV parking facilities; Second, we integrate purchase and sale costs, storage degradation costs, and EV battery degradation costs into the optimization objective; Third, we adopt a model-predictive-control–based two-layer rolling optimization approach, with the upper layer performing long-horizon energy planning and the lower layer adjusting charging/discharging powers using short-term information, with linearization applied to improve solution efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method can meet the target state of charge for vehicles at departure while effectively reducing the overall system operating cost and maintaining good robustness under certain forecast errors. Compared with single-layer optimization and baseline methods, this approach offers better overall performance in economics, battery degradation suppression, and computational efficiency. |