To address the high transportation costs and severe carbon emissions caused by dam blockages at hydropower stations, this study proposes a cross-dam energy–logistics coupled dispatching optimization method that integrates electricity–hydrogen–oil multi-energy complementarity. According to the flow diversion characteristics of cross-dam cargo between waterway and land routes, the operational characteristics of cross-dam logistics covering heterogeneous heavy-duty trucks and waterway handling facilities are analyzed, and energy consumption models for transportation equipment are established. Based on the operational power characteristics of facilities such as integrated hydrogen production–charging–storage stations, energy facility production models are constructed. Combined with the characterization of energy supply–demand coupling mechanisms, a cross-dam energy–logistics coupled dispatching optimization model is established. With the objective of minimizing operational costs while considering carbon emissions and load response capability, coupled optimization is performed on cross-dam energy and logistics systems to obtain cargo flow distribution and dispatching strategies for transportation and energy equipment. Taking a 6400MW hydropower station in Southwest China as a case study, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce cross-dam operational costs and carbon emissions.